Immunization Branch
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 |
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Commissioned by the Associateship for Disease Control and Prevention of the
Texas Department of Health, the Texas Immunization Survey (TIS) is a
population-based survey designed to assess immunization levels among Texas
children 3 through 24 months of age. Statewide surveys were conducted in 1994,
1996, 1998 and 2000. The 1994 TIS was an in-person survey and the 1996, 1998 and
2000 TIS were random digit dial telephone surveys. Trained interviewers used a
standardized English- or Spanish-language instrument to solicit information from
a parent or legal guardian. The instrument was modeled after the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention State and Local Area Immunization Coverage and
Health Survey questionnaire. To determine a child's immunization history,
interviewers asked for dates of each vaccine including
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP), polio vaccine (OPV/IPV), and
measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. For parents without their child's
shot record, interviewers asked about each vaccine, whether the child had
received the shot, how many, and at what age. A proportion of immunization
histories were verified with providers records.
In tables showing results from the TIS, children were defined as
up-to-date if they met the following criteria:
- 3 through 4 months of age: received 1 dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis
(DTP) vaccine and 1 dose of polio vaccine (OPV/IPV)
- 5 through 6 months of age: received 2 DTP and 2 OPV/IPV
- 7 through 15 months of age: received 3 DTP and 2 OPV/IPV
- 16 through 24 months of age: received 4 DTP, 3 OPV/IPV, and 1 dose of
measles-mumps-rubella vaccine
Percentage of Children Up-to-Date on Immunizations
Survey Year
|
%
|
(N)
|
1994
|
61.9
|
4,456
|
1996
|
67.9
|
2,983
|
1998
|
65.9
|
417
|
2000
|
70.3
|
2,156
|
Percentage of Children Up-to-Date on Immunizations by Race/ethnicity
| |
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
1998 %
|
1998 (N)
|
2000 %
|
2000 (N)
|
White
|
64.1
|
(1631)
|
70.3
|
(1311)
|
66.4
|
(217)
|
73.6
|
(660)
|
African American
|
47.4
|
(574)
|
56.0
|
(478)
|
63.4
|
(41)
|
72.1
|
(106)
|
Hispanic
|
64.9
|
(2132)
|
68.3
|
(1105)
|
66.4
|
(146)
|
66.7
|
(664)
|
Percentage of Children Up-to-Date on
Immunizations
by Health Insurance Coverage and Public Assistance
Factors
Health Insurance:
| |
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
1998 %
|
1998 (N)
|
2000 %
|
2000 (N)
|
None
|
61.7
|
(1415)
|
62.3
|
(382)
|
61.9
|
(63)
|
54.8
|
(288)
|
Medicaid
|
52.0
|
(1110)
|
69.3
|
(1063)
|
62.7
|
(134)
|
72.1
|
(716)
|
Private
|
67.2
|
(1931)
|
68.7
|
(1538)
|
69.1
|
(220)
|
73.6
|
(1125)
|
Receiving AFDC:
| |
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
1998 %
|
1998 (N)
|
2000 %
|
2000 (N)
|
Yes
|
47.6
|
(697)
|
66.5
|
(240)
|
* |
|
73.9
|
(52)
|
No
|
64.6
|
(3757)
|
68.3
|
(2737)
|
66.7
|
(393)
|
70.2
|
(1419)
|
Enrolled in WIC:
| |
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
1998 %
|
1998 (N)
|
2000 %
|
2000 (N)
|
Yes
|
64.1
|
(2146)
|
69.2
|
(1187)
|
63.9
|
(169)
|
68.0
|
(666)
|
No
|
60.4
|
(2310)
|
66.9
|
(1791)
|
67.6
|
(247)
|
72.1
|
(804)
|
AFDC = Aid to Families with Dependent
Children
WIC = Women, Infants and Children
* Pecentage not calculated.
Sample size was less than 25.
Percentage of Children Up-to-Date on Immunizations by
County
County
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
2000 %
|
2000 (N)
|
Bexar
|
60.3
|
377
|
69.2
|
251
|
67.3
|
202
|
Dallas
|
61.6
|
373
|
64.2
|
364
|
68.6
|
185
|
El Paso
|
72.7
|
377
|
67.9
|
246
|
59.1
|
203
|
Harris
|
51.9
|
373
|
68.6
|
304
|
68.5
|
168
|
Hidalgo
|
65.9
|
379
|
71.3
|
224
|
65.6
|
212
|
Nueces
|
60.9
|
369
|
63.2
|
268
|
64.5
|
211
|
Potter
|
60.3
|
371
|
69.8
|
258
|
72.2
|
205
|
Smith
|
64.7
|
370
|
68.3
|
244
|
66.7
|
171
|
Tarrant
|
62.0
|
372
|
65.4
|
408
|
72.6
|
186
|
Travis
|
57.5
|
355
|
71.9
|
270
|
73.9
|
176
|
Immunizations Rates by Race/ethnicity for Counties and
Cities in Texas
Bexar County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
71.2 |
(60) |
66.2 |
(91) |
| African American |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| Hispanic |
54.6 |
(298) |
69.5 |
(144) |
Dallas County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
62.1 |
(146) |
67.9 |
(145) |
| African American |
49.7 |
(65) |
62.4 |
(116) |
| Hispanic |
70.1 |
(143) |
61.9 |
(88) |
El Paso County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
72.2 |
(51) |
72.4 |
(54) |
| African American |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| Hispanic |
72.0 |
(300) |
66.5 |
(182) |
Harris County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
57.3 |
(114) |
73.5 |
(94) |
| African American |
35.7 |
(84) |
62.1 |
(119) |
| Hispanic |
56.8 |
(158) |
67.6 |
(74) |
Hidalgo County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| African American |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| Hispanic |
67.2 |
(363) |
72.3 |
(212) |
Nueces County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
63.9 |
(143) |
70.0 |
(113) |
| African American |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| Hispanic |
60.5 |
(205) |
59.2 |
(140) |
Potter County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
65.3 |
(188) |
77.3 |
(150) |
| African American |
53.8 |
(72) |
-- |
-- |
| Hispanic |
48.6 |
(93) |
62.4 |
(78) |
Smith County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
66.0 |
(199) |
72.0 |
(187) |
| African American |
52.8 |
(109) |
67.8 |
(38) |
| Hispanic |
82.4 |
(55) |
-- |
-- |
Tarrant County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
62.4 |
(181) |
71.3 |
(209) |
| African American |
51.4 |
(55) |
57.9 |
(126) |
| Hispanic |
69.4 |
(122) |
57.3 |
(56) |
Travis County
Population
|
1994 %
|
1994 (N)
|
1996 %
|
1996 (N)
|
| White |
55.8 |
(167) |
73.6 |
(162) |
| African American |
46.0 |
(56) |
-- |
-- |
| Hispanic |
67.9 |
(124) |
72.4 |
(76) |
- Prislin R, Suarez L, Simpson D, Dyer J.
When
Acculturation Hurts: The Case of Immunization.
Soc Sci Med. 1998; 47(12):
1947-56.
- Prislin R, Dyer J, Blakely C, Johnson C.
Immunization
Status and Sociodemographic Characteristics: The Mediating Role of Beliefs,
Attitudes, and Perceived Control.
Am J Pub Hlth. 1998; 88(12): 1821-26.
- Simpson D, Suarez L, Smith D.
Immunization
Rates Among Young Children in the Public and Private Health Care
Sectors.
Am J Prev Med. 1997; 13(2): 84-88.
- Suarez L, Simpson D, Smith D.
Impact
of Public Assistance Factors on the Immunization Levels of Children Younger than
2 Years.
Am J Pub Hlth. 1997; 87(5): 845-48.
- Suarez L, Simpson D, Smith D.
Errors and Correlates
in Parental Recall of Child Immunizations: Effects on Vaccination Coverage
Estimates.
Ped 1997; 99(5): 1-5.
- Simpson D, Suarez L.
The Immunization Status of Texas Children Aged 3 to
24 Months: Results of the 1994 Texas Immunization Survey.
TX Med. 1996;
92(3): 60-65.