Sometimes scientists don't have enough critical data for a specific site. This can limit our understanding of exposure-related health effects. This is when an Exposure Investigation can help provide answers. It helps scientists figure out if a person has come into contact with a substance that may harm them. This type of investigation needs environmental data from where people live, spend time, and play. It may also consider biological samples including urine or blood.

Scientists can use computer modeling to estimate potential past and future exposures. Understanding the amount of exposure helps identify how it may affect a person's health.